一、概述

　　I. Overview

　　(一)油氣回收定義

　?。?） Definition of oil and gas recovery

　　一般所說(shuō)的油氣回收指的是油庫(kù)油氣回收和加油站油氣回收。油庫(kù)油氣回收指鶴管裝車(chē)揮發(fā)的油氣和油庫(kù)揮發(fā)的油氣通過(guò)管道收集起來(lái)之后，采用吸附、吸收或冷凝等工藝，使油氣從氣態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐簯B(tài)汽油.達(dá)到回收利用的目的。加油站油氣回收是指裝卸汽油和加油過(guò)程中，采用吸附、吸收或冷凝等工藝，使油氣從氣態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐簯B(tài)汽油，達(dá)到回收利用的目的。

　　The commonly referred to oil and gas recovery refers to the recovery of oil and gas from oil depots and gas stations. Oil and gas recovery in oil depots refers to the collection of volatile oil and gas from crane trucks and oil depots through pipelines, and the use of adsorption, absorption, or condensation processes to convert the oil and gas from a gaseous state to liquid gasoline To achieve the goal of recycling and reuse. Gas station oil and gas recovery refers to the use of adsorption, absorption, or condensation processes during the loading, unloading, and refueling of gasoline to transform the gas into liquid gasoline, achieving the purpose of recycling and utilization.

　　(二)油氣的產(chǎn)生

　　（2） The generation of oil and gas

　　油氣一般產(chǎn)生的原因是低沸點(diǎn)油料組分蒸發(fā)而形成。蒸發(fā)嚴(yán)重的前提就是低沸點(diǎn)的組分越來(lái)越多。這樣的話(huà)，對(duì)油料的質(zhì)量影響會(huì)越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重。因此由于以上的原因，原油和汽油容易造成蒸發(fā)損失。揮發(fā)出來(lái)的油氣不僅造成石油資源的浪費(fèi)，同時(shí)也給環(huán)境帶來(lái)巨大的污染和許多安全隱患，因此，油氣回收有著非常重要的意義。

　　The general cause of oil and gas production is the evaporation of low boiling point oil components. The premise of severe evaporation is that there are more and more components with low boiling points. In this case, the impact on the quality of oil will become increasingly severe. Therefore, due to the above reasons, crude oil and gasoline are prone to evaporation losses. The volatile oil and gas not only cause waste of petroleum resources, but also bring huge pollution and many safety hazards to the environment. Therefore, oil and gas recovery is of great significance.

　　1、減少對(duì)環(huán)境的污染:

　　1. Reduce environmental pollution:

　　油氣的主要成分為丁烷、戊烷、苯、二甲苯、乙基苯等各類(lèi)污染物質(zhì)，對(duì)大氣會(huì)產(chǎn)生污染。在油氣裝卸和儲(chǔ)運(yùn)等過(guò)程中，油箱、油罐等會(huì)因壓力的波動(dòng)產(chǎn)生大量的油氣，從而導(dǎo)致大量的油氣排放。數(shù)據(jù)顯示，儲(chǔ)存天數(shù)越多，氣液體積比越大，排.放的油氣就越多。因此，通過(guò)油氣回收，可以減少油氣對(duì)大氣的污染。

　　The main components of oil and gas are various pollutants such as butane, pentane, benzene, xylene, ethylbenzene, etc., which can cause pollution to the atmosphere. During the process of oil and gas loading, unloading, storage, and transportation, large amounts of oil and gas are generated due to pressure fluctuations in oil tanks, resulting in a significant amount of oil and gas emissions. The data shows that the more days of storage, the larger the gas-liquid volume ratio, and the more discharged The more oil and gas is released. Therefore, through oil and gas recovery, the pollution of oil and gas to the atmosphere can be reduced.

　　2、有利于消除安全隱患

　　2. Beneficial for eliminating safety hazards

　　加油站的汽油儲(chǔ)罐一般采用高空管道的方式排放油氣，當(dāng)槽車(chē)往油罐內(nèi)卸油時(shí)，呼吸閥會(huì)排放大量的汽油蒸汽，當(dāng)排放的汽油蒸汽遇到靜電或火星時(shí)，就會(huì)發(fā)生爆炸。因此，通過(guò)油氣回收，可以消除燃燒和爆炸等安全隱患。

　　The gasoline storage tanks at gas stations generally use high-altitude pipelines to discharge oil and gas. When the tanker unloads oil into the tank, the breathing valve will release a large amount of gasoline vapor. When the discharged gasoline vapor encounters static electricity or sparks, it will explode. Therefore, through oil and gas recovery, safety hazards such as combustion and explosion can be eliminated.

　　3、減少資源浪費(fèi)

　　3. Reduce resource waste

　　采用相應(yīng)的油氣回收技術(shù)，把油氣回收回來(lái)就等于節(jié)約了資源。數(shù)據(jù)表明，油氣損耗占原油總產(chǎn)量的1.9%，我國(guó)2010年石油消耗量4億噸，油氣資源損耗約為76萬(wàn)噸。如果進(jìn)行回收利用，等于減少了資源的浪費(fèi)，同時(shí)向大氣中少排放了76萬(wàn)噸碳?xì)浠衔铩?/p>

　　By adopting corresponding oil and gas recovery technologies, recovering oil and gas is equivalent to saving resources. The data shows that oil and gas losses account for 1.9% of the total crude oil production. In 2010, China's oil consumption was 400 million tons, and the loss of oil and gas resources was about 760000 tons. If recycling is carried out, it is equivalent to reducing resource waste and reducing the emission of 760000 tons of hydrocarbons into the atmosphere.

　　二、現(xiàn)階段油氣回收技術(shù)

　　2、 Current oil and gas recovery technology

　　(一)吸收法油氣回收技術(shù)

　?。?） Absorption based oil and gas recovery technology

　　吸收法回收油氣基本流程為:油氣進(jìn)入吸收塔，被從塔項(xiàng)噴淋的吸收劑吸收。在真空解吸罐，通過(guò)真空抽吸，將溶于吸收劑中的油氣解吸。再生的吸收劑用泵送至吸收塔循環(huán)使用。解吸的油氣被真空泵送至再吸收塔，被塔頂噴淋下來(lái)的貧油(汽油)吸收，未被吸收的少量油氣進(jìn)吸收塔循環(huán)吸收。吸收法油氣回收有以下兩個(gè)缺點(diǎn):吸收過(guò)程是對(duì)全部油氣的吸收，因此吸收塔的規(guī)模需要很大，將會(huì)占用很大的空間。采用吸收法進(jìn)行油氣回收，回收率不足90%。

　　The basic process of oil and gas recovery by absorption method is: oil and gas enter the absorption tower and are absorbed by the absorbent sprayed from the tower. In the vacuum desorption tank, the oil and gas dissolved in the absorbent are desorbed by vacuum suction. The regenerated absorbent is pumped to the absorption tower for recycling. The desorbed oil and gas are vacuum pumped to the reabsorbing tower and absorbed by the lean oil (gasoline) sprayed down from the top of the tower. The small amount of unabsorbed oil and gas is circulated and absorbed in the absorption tower. The absorption method for oil and gas recovery has two disadvantages: the absorption process involves the absorption of all oil and gas, so the scale of the absorption tower needs to be large, which will occupy a lot of space. The absorption method is used for oil and gas recovery, with a recovery rate of less than 90%.

　　(二)膜分離法油氣回收技術(shù)

　?。?） Membrane separation method for oil and gas recovery technology

　　膜分離油氣回收技術(shù)屬于溶解擴(kuò)散機(jī)理新型氣體分離技術(shù)，其分離的推動(dòng)力為氣體各組分在膜兩側(cè)的分壓差，通過(guò)氣體各組分通過(guò)膜時(shí)的滲透速率不同來(lái)進(jìn)行氣體分離。

　　Membrane separation oil and gas recovery technology belongs to a new type of gas separation technology based on dissolution diffusion mechanism. The driving force for separation is the partial pressure difference of gas components on both sides of the membrane, which is achieved by the different permeation rates of gas components through the membrane.

　　在實(shí)際運(yùn)行過(guò)程中，油氣混合氣體首先進(jìn)入吸收塔，經(jīng)輕質(zhì)油吸收后的油氣再進(jìn)入膜分離系統(tǒng)。富含VOCs的滲透氣流膜截留側(cè)的氣體中VoCs濃度最低可到510g/m3。在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，實(shí)際上等于是吸收+膜分離的組合工藝。因?yàn)槟し蛛x需要對(duì)油氣加壓，所以系統(tǒng)中需要增加一個(gè)液環(huán)壓縮機(jī)。

　　In actual operation, the mixed gas of oil and gas first enters the absorption tower, and the oil and gas absorbed by light oil then enter the membrane separation system. The lowest concentration of VoCs in the gas on the interception side of the permeable gas flow membrane rich in VOCs can reach 510g/m3. In this process, it is actually a combination process of absorption and membrane separation. Because membrane separation requires pressurization of oil and gas, an additional liquid ring compressor is needed in the system.

　?。ㄈ├淠ㄓ蜌饣厥占夹g(shù)

　?。?） Condensation based oil and gas recovery technology

　　利用冷凍的方法，將油氣的熱量置換出來(lái)，使油氣各組分溫度低于凝點(diǎn)從氣態(tài)變?yōu)橐簯B(tài)，實(shí)現(xiàn)回收利用。

　　By using the method of freezing, the heat of oil and gas is replaced, so that the temperature of each component of the oil and gas is lower than the condensation point and changes from gas to liquid, achieving recycling and utilization.

　　冷凝法油氣回收技術(shù)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是工藝簡(jiǎn)單，安全性能好，回收物直接為油品。純冷凝法油氣回收裝置可將油氣溫度降 至-120~-100℃。 裝置耗電量?jī)H為0.2KW h/m3油氣，用電量與活性炭吸附法持平。

　　The advantages of condensation based oil and gas recovery technology are simple process, good safety performance, and direct recovery of oil products. The pure condensation method oil and gas recovery device can reduce the temperature of oil and gas to -120~-100 ℃. The power consumption of the device is only 0.2KW/m3 of oil and gas, which is equivalent to that of the activated carbon adsorption method.

　　(四)吸附法油氣回收技術(shù)

　?。?） Adsorption based oil and gas recovery technology

　　各含烴氣體通過(guò)吸附劑床層，其中烴類(lèi)被吸附劑吸附，吸附過(guò)程在常溫常壓下進(jìn)行。吸附劑達(dá)到一定的飽和度后，進(jìn)行抽真空減壓再生，再生過(guò)程中脫附出的油氣再用油品進(jìn)行吸收，吸收后的貧氣再返回到吸附過(guò)程進(jìn)行吸附。

　　Each hydrocarbon containing gas passes through the adsorbent bed, where hydrocarbons are adsorbed by the adsorbent, and the adsorption process is carried out at room temperature and pressure. After the adsorbent reaches a certain saturation, it is subjected to vacuum and pressure reduction regeneration. The desorbed oil and gas during the regeneration process are then absorbed by the oil product, and the absorbed lean gas is returned to the adsorption process for adsorption.

　　主要工藝單元包括油氣收集、吸附過(guò)程、再生過(guò)程、壓縮過(guò)程、吸收過(guò)程、換熱和密封。吸附法的最大優(yōu)點(diǎn)就是可以通過(guò)改變吸附和再生運(yùn)行的工作條件來(lái)控制出口氣體中油氣的濃度。缺點(diǎn)是工藝復(fù)雜、吸附床層易產(chǎn)生高溫?zé)狳c(diǎn)。

　　The main process units include oil and gas collection, adsorption process, regeneration process, compression process, absorption process, heat exchange and sealing. The biggest advantage of adsorption method is that it can control the concentration of oil and gas in the outlet gas by changing the working conditions of adsorption and regeneration operation. The disadvantage is that the process is complex and the adsorption bed layer is prone to generate high-temperature hotspots.

　　三、總結(jié)

　　3. Summary

　　從以上各類(lèi)油氣回收技術(shù)可以看出，隨著我國(guó)對(duì)環(huán)境保護(hù)的日益重視，發(fā)展單一的油氣回收方式已不能較好的解決油氣回收問(wèn)題，所以應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)不同的場(chǎng)合需要采用不同的油氣回收方法甚至是多種回收方法的聯(lián)合使用?！?/p>

　　From the various oil and gas recovery technologies mentioned above, it can be seen that with the increasing emphasis on environmental protection in China, the development of a single oil and gas recovery method can no longer effectively solve the problem of oil and gas recovery. Therefore, different oil and gas recovery methods or even the combination of multiple recovery methods should be adopted according to the needs of different occasions. “

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